Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Abstract

Background: According to National Family Health Survey - 3 (NFHS-3, 2005-2006), in India, percentage of children (under 3 years) who are stunted are 38 percent, wasted are 19 percent, and underweight are 46 percent.

Objectives: To assess the nutritional and immunization status among under 5 children and to identify the associated factors.

Methodology: In a community based cross sectional survey conducted during May - June 2011 in an urban slum area of Bhubaneswar, a total of 124 children were included. Data on age, sex, family size, socio economic status, per capita monthly income, no. of siblings, H/O passing worms etc. were collected. Their height and weight were recorded along with assessment of immunization status.

Results: It was found that 28.2% of under 5 children were low weight for age. Stunting and wasting was found in 23.4% and 21.8% of children respectively. Under nutrition was more among girls (35.18%) and children of 3-5 years age (29.41%). Under nutrition was found significantly higher among children of illiterate mother (P=0.026), working mother (P=0.011), low social class (P=0.015), children with more no. of siblings (P=0.046) and higher birth order (P=0.023). The other co-morbidities observed were worm infestation (8.06%), anaemia (8.06%), diarrhoea (5.64%) and vitamin A deficiency (1.61%). 43.33% of under 5 children were completely immunized at one year of age and 41.11% were partially immunized.

Conclusion: Health and nutritional education and behaviour change communication activities can be undertaken in the slum for early recognition of under-nutrition.

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Abstract

Introduction: The JSY Scheme was under implementation in Odisha since April 2006 and cash assistance was provided to the users with the changing rules at different times for mode of fund disbursement.

Objective: To review the implementation process of JSY in the Anugul district of Orissa and to provide inputs for any corrective actions.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in Anugul district of Orissa during the month of October 2010.Thirty villages were selected using PPS (probability proportionate to population size) sampling and 300 women who have delivered in last 1 yr in any govt or accredited private institution formed the study population.

Result: Total 309 respondents were interviewed. For 96.7% (299) , the place of delivery was government health institutions. The ASHAs played a major role (95%) in motivating the women for institutional delivery.69% of beneficiaries had made arrangement for transportation to health facility at their own cost. In 52.8% (163) cases delivery was conducted by ANM /Nurse. Doctor conducted delivery in 45% (141). Only 10% of beneficiaries had a stay for mandatory 48 hrs in health facility. 60% of those who stayed for less than 48hrs in health institution stated that they were discharged from hospital due to lack of bed facility. 53.4% (160) of respondents found the condition of toilet satisfactory during their stay at health facility. 98.7% have received JSY cash incentive, 52% received the payment within 24-48 hrs where as 30% got it within one week. Most of the beneficiaries utilized JSY money in buying consumable products for the family (44.2%) or in purchase of drugs (39.9%).

Conclusion: IEC regarding availability of transport facility under JSY need to be strengthened. Infrastructure, supplies and human resources should be strengthened at all levels under the JSY. E transfer system should be adopted for payment of money and an account for beneficiary should be opened during pregnancy.

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